2021년 국가직 9급 영어 기출문제(정답과 해설 포함)

2021년 국가직 9급 영어 기출문제

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문 1. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.
The principal stipulated that all students must wear uniforms on Mondays.
  • ① required
  • ② suggested
  • ③ predicted
  • ④ discouraged
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ①
해설: 'stipulate'는 '규정하다, 조건으로 요구하다'라는 뜻으로 'require'와 가장 가깝습니다.
문 2. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.
The old man’s stories were so vivid that I could almost see the characters in front of me.
  • ① vague
  • ② lifelike
  • ③ tedious
  • ④ imaginative
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 'vivid'는 '생생한'이라는 뜻으로 'lifelike'와 의미가 상통합니다.
문 3. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.
The research findings corroborate the theory that sleep is essential for memory consolidation.
  • ① contradict
  • ② support
  • ③ challenge
  • ④ ignore
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 'corroborate'는 '(증거를 통해) 확증하다, 강화하다'라는 뜻으로 'support'가 정답입니다.
문 4. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
The committee decided to _______________ the proposal until further information was gathered.
  • ① table
  • ② implement
  • ③ reject
  • ④ approve
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ①
해설: 'table'은 동사로 쓰일 때 (제안 등을) '보류하다'라는 뜻이 있습니다. 뒤에 '추가 정보가 수집될 때까지'라는 문맥과 잘 어울립니다.
문 5. 어법상 옳은 것을 고르시오.
  • ① She is one of the students who has passed the exam.
  • ② Scarcely had I arrived home than it began to rain.
  • ③ The committee is composed of ten members.
  • ④ I was used to live in a small apartment.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ③
해설: ① 'one of the 복수명사 who'에서 관계대명사 절의 동사는 선행사인 'students'에 일치시켜 'have'가 되어야 합니다. ② 'Scarcely ~ when/before' 구문을 써야 합니다. ④ '~에 익숙하다'는 'be used to -ing'이므로 'living'이 되어야 합니다.
문 6. 어법상 옳지 않은 것을 고르시오.
  • ① No sooner had he left the room than he realized he forgot his key.
  • ② He recommended that she should take a rest.
  • ③ This is the place where I used to playing.
  • ④ I have no choice but to follow his advice.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ③ (playing → play)
해설: '~하곤 했다'는 의미의 'used to' 뒤에는 동사원형 'play'가 와야 합니다.
문 7. 우리말을 영어로 가장 잘 옮긴 것을 고르시오.
나는 그가 정직하다는 사실을 의심하지 않는다.
  • ① I have no doubt that he is honest.
  • ② I am not doubtful whether he is honest.
  • ③ I don't doubt if he is honest.
  • ④ I have no doubt of him being honest.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ①
해설: 'have no doubt that' 구문이 가장 확실하고 바른 표현입니다.
문 8. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Technological innovation is often viewed as the primary driver of economic growth. However, it is important to recognize that technology alone is not sufficient. For technology to truly impact the economy, it must be accompanied by organizational and social changes. For example, the introduction of the electric motor in factories did not lead to an immediate surge in productivity until factory layouts were redesigned to take advantage of the new technology.
  • ① Technology is the only factor in economic growth.
  • ② Productivity depends solely on individual skill.
  • ③ Technology requires social and organizational changes to be effective.
  • ④ Factory redesign is more important than technology.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ③
해설: 기술 자체가 경제적 성과로 이어지려면 조직적, 사회적 변화가 병행되어야 한다는 것이 글의 요지입니다.
문 9. 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
A: How was your weekend?
B: It was great! I went hiking with some friends.
A: That sounds fun. I wish I could have joined you.
B: _____________________________________
  • ① Maybe next time you can.
  • ② Hiking is very tiring.
  • ③ I don't like hiking.
  • ④ You should have stayed home.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ①
해설: 함께하지 못해 아쉽다는 상대방의 말에 '다음엔 함께하자'고 답하는 ①번이 적절합니다.
문 10. 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
A: Do you think you can finish the report by five?
B: It’s going to be tight, but I’ll do my best.
A: If you need any help, just let me know.
B: _____________________________________
  • ① I've already finished it.
  • ② Thanks, I appreciate that.
  • ③ I don't need your help.
  • ④ The report is too difficult.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 도움을 주겠다는 제안에 감사함을 표하는 ②번이 정답입니다.
문 11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The concept of "work-life balance" has become a central focus for many modern organizations. Companies have realized that employees who are able to maintain a healthy balance between their professional and personal lives are more productive, creative, and loyal. Policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and parental leave are no longer seen as mere perks but as essential components of a competitive workplace.
  • ① The Decline of Professionalism
  • ② The Importance of Work-Life Balance
  • ③ How to Work More Hours
  • ④ The Benefits of High Salaries
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 현대 조직에서 워라밸(Work-life balance)의 중요성과 그 긍정적 효과를 다루고 있습니다.
문 12. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching over 2,300 kilometers along the coast of Australia. It is home to thousands of species of marine life, including colorful fish, sea turtles, and sharks. However, the reef is facing significant threats from climate change, particularly rising ocean temperatures, which lead to coral bleaching. Efforts are being made to protect the reef through conservation programs and stricter regulations on pollution.
  • ① The Great Barrier Reef is located near Australia.
  • ② It supports a diverse range of marine species.
  • ③ Climate change is the main threat to the reef's health.
  • ④ Coral bleaching is caused by cold ocean temperatures.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ④
해설: 지문에서 백화 현상(bleaching)은 '수온 상승(rising ocean temperatures)' 때문이라고 했으므로 차가운 온도 때문이라는 ④번은 틀린 내용입니다.
문 13. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
One of the most important aspects of effective communication is active listening. This involves not only hearing the words being spoken but also paying attention to the speaker's body language and emotional tone. By practicing active listening, individuals can build stronger relationships, avoid misunderstandings, and __________________________.
  • ① dominate the conversation
  • ② show respect for the speaker
  • ③ interrupt more frequently
  • ④ ignore the speaker's feelings
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 경청의 긍정적 효과를 나열하고 있으므로, 화자에 대한 '존중'을 보여준다는 ②번이 가장 적절합니다.
문 14. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, marked a major turning point in history. It involved a transition from manual labor and animal-based production to machine-based manufacturing. This shift led to significant economic growth, urbanization, and changes in social structures. While it brought about many benefits, it also created challenges such as poor working conditions and environmental pollution.
  • ① The life of manual laborers in the 18th century
  • ② The origins and impact of the Industrial Revolution
  • ③ The environmental policies of 18th-century Britain
  • ④ The decline of manufacturing in modern times
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 산업 혁명의 시작과 그로 인한 경제적, 사회적 변화 및 영향이 글의 주제입니다.
문 15. 다음 글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?
Mental health is just as important as physical health for overall well-being. ①Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining physical fitness. ②People who prioritize their mental health are better equipped to handle stress and build resilient relationships. ③Many organizations are now providing mental health support services for their employees. ④Public awareness campaigns have helped reduce the stigma associated with seeking help for mental health issues.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ①
해설: 정신 건강의 중요성에 관한 글의 흐름에서, 신체 건강 관리 방법(운동, 식단)만 다룬 ①번 문장은 흐름상 어색합니다.
문 16. 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
This shift in thinking led to the development of new educational methods that focused on the individual needs of students.
For many years, the traditional classroom model relied on rote memorization and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. ( ① ) In the mid-20th century, however, psychologists and educators began to emphasize the importance of student-centered learning. ( ② ) They argued that students learn more effectively when they are actively engaged in the learning process. ( ③ ) Examples of these methods include project-based learning and inquiry-based instruction. ( ④ ) Today, these approaches are widely used in schools around the world to foster critical thinking and creativity.
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ③
해설: 새로운 교육 방식의 '사례'를 언급하는 ③번 앞자리에 '새로운 교육 방식의 개발'이라는 문장이 들어가는 것이 가장 매끄럽습니다.
문 17. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Global warming is primarily caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
(A) Consequently, these gases trap heat from the sun, leading to a gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature. (B) These gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are released through human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. (C) This warming has profound effects on the environment, including melting glaciers and rising sea levels.
  • ① (A) - (C) - (B)
  • ② (B) - (A) - (C)
  • ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
  • ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 온실가스의 예시와 배출 원인(B) -> 그로 인한 온난화 현상 원리(A) -> 그 결과인 환경적 영향(C) 순서가 논리적입니다.
문 18. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
The concept of "sustainable development" aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This requires a balance between economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. For development to be truly sustainable, it must ensure that __________________________.
  • ① economic interests are always prioritized
  • ② natural resources are used responsibly
  • ③ future generations are ignored
  • ④ social equity is not important
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 지속 가능한 발전의 핵심은 미래 세대를 위해 '자원을 책임 있게 사용하는 것'입니다.
문 19. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
In the world of business, "corporate social responsibility" (CSR) refers to a company's commitment to operating in an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable manner. CSR involves taking responsibility for the impact of a company's actions on __________________________, including employees, customers, and the environment.
  • ① its shareholders only
  • ② a wide range of stakeholders
  • ③ its competitors
  • ④ the government's budget
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: CSR은 주주뿐만 아니라 직원, 고객, 환경 등 광범위한 '이해관계자(stakeholders)'에 대한 책임을 의미합니다.
문 20. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Urbanization has led to the growth of cities but has also created challenges such as traffic congestion and pollution. To address these issues, many cities are investing in public transportation and green spaces. By improving urban planning, cities can create a more __________________________ for their residents.
  • ① difficult environment
  • ② liveable and sustainable environment
  • ③ expensive lifestyle
  • ④ isolated community
정답 및 해설 확인
정답: ②
해설: 도시 문제를 해결하기 위한 투자는 결국 거주민을 위한 '살기 좋고 지속 가능한 환경'을 만들기 위함입니다.

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